| p2k.unkris.ac.id | Layanan Informasi 17 Jam Telp/Fax : 021-8762002, 8762003, 8762004, 87912360 HP/SMS : 081 1110 4824 27, 0812 9526 2009, 08523 1234 000, 0815 145 78119 WhatsApp : 0817 0816 486, 0812 9526 2009, 0815 145 78119 email : _ Hubungi Kami _ _ silahkan klik | | | | | | Mac OS X Leopard Mac Os X Leopard (version x.5) is the sixth major release of Mac OS X, Apple'south desktop and server operating organisation for Macintosh computers. Leopard was released on 26 October 2007 as the successor of Tiger (version 10.iv), and is available in ii variants: a desktop version suitable for personal computers, and a server version, Mac OS X Server. Leopard was superseded by Snowfall Leopard (version ten.six). Leopard is the last version of Mac Os Ten to support the PowerPC architecture equally Snowfall Leopard functions solely on Intel based Macs. According to Apple, Leopard contains over 300 changes and enhancements over its predecessor, Mac OS X Tiger, [1] covering cadre operating system components every bit well as included applications and developer tools. Leopard introduces a significantly revised desktop, with a redesigned Dock, Stacks, a semitransparent carte bar, and an updated Finder that incorporates the Cover Catamenia visual navigation interface offset seen in iTunes. Other notable features include support for writing 64-bit graphical user interface applications, an automatic backup utility chosen Fourth dimension Machine, support for Spotlight searches across multiple machines, and the inclusion of Forepart Row and Photograph Booth, which were previously included with only some Mac models. Apple missed Leopard's release time frame as originally appear by Apple tree's CEO Steve Jobs. When kickoff discussed in June 2005, Jobs had stated that Apple intended to release Leopard at the finish of 2006 or early 2007. [two] A year later, this was amended to Leap 2007; [three] however on 12 April 2007, Apple issued a argument that its release would exist delayed until October 2007 because of the development of the iPhone. [4] New and changed features Cease-user features Apple advertised that Mac OS 10 Leopard has 300+ new features, [5] including: - A new and improved Automator , with easy starting points to hands first a workflow. It as well can apace create or edit workflows with new interface improvements. Now information technology tin can use a new action called "Spotter Me Do" that lets you tape a user action (similar pressing a push button or decision-making an application without built-in Automator support) and replay as an action in a workflow. Information technology can create more useful Automator workflows with actions for RSS feeds, iSight camera video snapshots, PDF manipulation, and much more.
- Back to My Mac, a feature for MobileMe users that allows users to access files on their dwelling reckoner while away from home via the cyberspace.
- Kicking Army camp, a software assistant assuasive for the installation of other operating systems, such as Windows XP (SP2 or later) or Windows Vista, on a separate partition (or carve up internal drive) on Intel-based Macs.
- Dashboard enhancements, including Web Prune, a feature that allows users to turn a function of whatsoever Web page displayed in Safari into a live Dashboard widget, and Dashcode to help developers code widgets. [6]
- New Desktop, comprises a redesigned three-D dock with a new group characteristic called Stacks, which displays files in either a "fan" way, "grid" style, or (since 10.5.2) a "list" style. R.L. Prior, on the ThinkMac blog, criticized the shelf-like Dock along with a number of other changes to the user interface. [7]
- Dictionary can now search Wikipedia, and a dictionary of Apple tree terminology as well. Besides included is the Japanese-language dictionary Daijisen, Progressive E-J and Progressive J-E dictionaries, and the 25000-word thesaurus "Tsukaikata no Wakaru Ruigo Reikai Jiten" (使い方の分かる類語例解辞典 ? ), all of which are provided past the Japanese publisher Shogakukan. [8] [9]
- A redesigned Finder , with features similar to those seen in iTunes seven, including Encompass Flow and a Source list-like sidebar.
- Front Row has been reworked to closely resemble the interface of the original Apple tree TV.
- iCal agenda sharing and grouping scheduling likewise as syncing upshot invitations from Mail. [10] The icon also reflects the current engagement fifty-fifty when the awarding is non running. In previous versions of Mac Os 10, the icon would evidence 17 July in the icon whatever fourth dimension the awarding was not running but the current date when the application was running.
- iChat enhancements, including multiple logins, invisibility, blithe icons, and tabbed chats, like to features present in Pidgin, Adium and the iChat plugin Chax; iChat Theater, allowing users to incorporate images from iPhoto, presentations from Keynote, videos from QuickTime, and other Quick Look features into video chats; and Backdrops, which are similar to chroma keys, but use a real-time difference matte technique which does not crave a green or blue screen. iChat likewise implements screen sharing, a characteristic previously available with Apple tree Remote Desktop. [3] [11] [12]
- Mail enhancements including the additions of RSS feeds, Stationery, Notes, and to-dos. To-dos apply a system-wide service that is available to all applications. [13]
- Network file sharing improvements include more granular command over permissions, consolidation of AFP, FTP and SMB sharing into one control console, and the ability to share individual folders, a characteristic that had not been available since Mac Bone nine. [xiv]
- Parental controls now include the ability to place restrictions on utilize of the Internet and to prepare parental controls from anywhere using remote setup. [fifteen]
- Photo Booth enhancements, including video recording with existent-time filters and blue/green-screen engineering.
- Podcast Capture, an application allowing users to record and distribute podcasts. Information technology requires access to a computer running Mac Bone X Server with Podcast Producer.
- Preview adds back up for annotation, graphics, extraction, search, markup, Instant Alpha and size adjustment tools. [16]
- Quick Expect , a framework assuasive documents to be viewed without opening them in an external awarding and can preview it in full screen. [17] Plug-ins are available for Quick Look then that you can also view other files, such equally Installer Packages.
 - Safari iii, which includes Web Prune.
- Spaces, an implementation of virtual desktops (individually called "Spaces"), allows multiple desktops per user, with certain applications and windows in each desktop. [18] Users can organize certain Spaces for sure applications (e.g., 1 for work-related tasks and one for entertainment) and switch between them. Exposé works inside Spaces, allowing the user to run across at a glance all desktops on one screen. [19] ) Users can create and control upwardly to xvi spaces, and applications can be switched between each one, creating a very large workspace. The auto-switching feature in Spaces has annoyed some of its users. Apple added a new preference in x.5.ii which disabled this feature, merely there were all the same bugs constitute while switching windows. In 10.5.3, this trouble was addressed and was no longer an result. [20]
- Spotlight incorporates additional search capabilities such as Boolean operators, also as the ability to search other computers (with permissions). [21]
- Fourth dimension Machine, an automatic backup utility which allows the user to restore files that have been deleted or replaced past some other version of a file. [22] Though generally lauded in the press equally a step forwards for data recovery, Time Auto has been criticized in multiple publications for defective the capabilities of third-party backup software. Analyzing the feature for TidBITS, Joe Kissell pointed out that Time Car does not create bootable copies of backed-upward volumes, does non back up to AirPort Disk hard drives and volition non back up FileVault encrypted dwelling directories until the user logs out, concluding that the feature is "pretty good at what it does" only he will just use information technology as part of a "broader backup strategy". [23] [24] [25] 1 of these issues has been resolved, however; On xix March 2008, updates were released for Airdrome and Time Car, allowing for Time Machine to use a USB hard disk which has been connected to an AirPort Extreme Base Station. [26]
- Universal Access enhancements: pregnant improvements to applications including VoiceOver, along with increased support for Braille, airtight captioning and a new loftier‐quality Spoken language synthesis vocalisation. [27]
- Many changes to the user interface , such equally a transparent menu bar, new icons, and a 3D Dock. As well equally this, the Apple icon is now black instead of blueish. R.L. Prior, on the ThinkMac blog, criticized a number of changes to Leopard's user interface, including the transparent bill of fare bar and the new folder icons. [seven] Decreased transparency of the menu bar, along with the power to disable the menu bar transparency were added with the ten.5.two release on 11 February 2008. [28]
- Russian linguistic communication support, bringing the total to eighteen languages. [29]
- Leopard removes back up for Classic applications. [xxx]
Developer technologies - Native support by many libraries and frameworks for 64-fleck applications, allowing 64-chip Cocoa applications. Existing 32-scrap applications using those libraries and frameworks should continue to run without the need for emulation or translation. [31]
- Leopard offers the Objective-C 2.0 runtime, which includes new features such as garbage collection. Xcode 3.0 supports the updated language and was itself rewritten with it. [32]
- A new framework, Core Animation, allows a developer to create circuitous animations while specifying merely a "start" and a "goal" space. The principal goal of Core Animation is to enable the cosmos of circuitous animations with pocket-size amounts of programme code.
- Apple integrates DTrace from the OpenSolaris project and adds a graphical interface called Instruments (previously Xray). DTrace provides tools that users, administrators and developers can use to tune the operation of the operating system and the applications that run on information technology. [33]
- The new Scripting Bridge allows programmers to utilise Python and Ruby to interface with the Cocoa frameworks. [34]
- Ruby on Runway is included in the default install.
- Leopard's OpenGL stack has been updated to version 2.1, and uses LLVM to increase its vertex processing speed. [35] Apple has been working to become LLVM integrated into GCC; [36] LLVM'south use inside other operating organisation facilities has not been announced.
- The Graphics and Media Country of the Union address confirmed many other features are possible because of Cadre Animation, such as live desktops, improvements to Quartz Composer with custom patches, a new PDF Kit for developers, and improvements to QuickTime APIs.
- The
FSEvents framework allows applications to annals for notifications of changes to a given directory tree. [37] - Leopard includes a read-just implementation of the ZFS file system.
-
- In mid-December 2006, a pre-release version of Leopard appeared to include back up for Sun's ZFS. [38] Jonathan Schwartz, CEO and President of Sun Microsystems, boasted on 6 June 2007 that ZFS has go "the file system" for Leopard. [39] However, the senior project marketing director for Mac Bone 10 stated on 11 June 2007 that the existing HFS+, non ZFS, will be used in Leopard. Apple afterward clarified that a read-only version of ZFS would exist included. [40]
- Leopard includes drivers for UDF 2.5, necessary for reading Hard disk drive DVD and Blu-ray discs using third-political party drives, but the included DVD Player software can only play Hard disk DVDs authored by DVD Studio Pro. [41]
- Leopard includes a framework implementing latent semantic mapping for classifying (e.g. textual) data.
- Leopard is the first operating organization with open source BSD lawmaking to be certified as fully UNIX compliant. [42] [43] Certification ways that software following the Unmarried UNIX Specification can be compiled and run on Leopard without the need for whatever code modification. [34] The certification merely applies to Leopard when run on Intel processors. [44]
- Leopard includes J2SE 5.0. [45]
Security enhancements New security features intend to provide better internal resiliency to successful attacks, in addition to preventing attacks from being successful in the get-go identify. - Library Randomization
- Leopard implements library randomization, [46] which randomizes the locations of some libraries in memory. Vulnerabilities that corrupt program retentiveness oft rely on known addresses for these library routines, which allow injected code to launch processes or change files. Library randomization is presumably a stepping-rock to a more complete implementation of address space layout randomization at a later appointment.
- Application Layer Firewall
- Leopard ships with two firewall engines: the original BSD IPFW, which was present in earlier releases of Mac Os X, and the new Leopard Awarding Layer Firewall. Dissimilar IPFW, which intercepts and filters IP datagrams before the kernel performs significant processing, the Application Layer Firewall operates at the socket layer, bound to individual processes. The Application Layer Firewall can therefore make filtering decisions on a per-application basis. Of the two-firewall engines, only the Application Layer Firewall is fully exposed in the Leopard user interface. The new firewall offers less control over private packet decisions (users can decide to permit or deny connections arrangement wide or to individual applications, but must use IPFW to set up fine-grained TCP/IP header level policies). Information technology too makes several policy exceptions for arrangement processes: neither mDNSResponder nor programs running with superuser privileges are filtered. [47]
- Sandboxes
- Leopard includes kernel-level support for role-based access control (RBAC). RBAC is intended to prevent, for example, an application like Mail from editing the countersign database.
- Application Signing
- Leopard provides a framework to utilize public cardinal signatures for code signing to verify, in some circumstances, that code has not been tampered with. Signatures tin can also be used to ensure that ane program replacing another is truly an "update", and behave whatsoever special security privileges across to the new version. This reduces the number of user security prompts, and the likelihood of the user being trained to simply clicking "OK" to everything.
- Secure Invitee Account
- Guests tin be given access to a Leopard system with an account that the system erases and resets at logout. [48]
Security features in Leopard have been criticized equally weak or ineffective, with the publisher Heise Security documenting that the Leopard installer downgraded firewall protection and exposed services to attack fifty-fifty when the firewall was re-enabled. Several researchers noted that the Library Randomization characteristic added to Leopard was ineffective compared to mature implementations on other platforms, and that the new "secure Invitee account" could exist abused by Guests to retain access to the arrangement even after the Leopard log out process erased their home directory. [49] [fifty] [51] [52] System requirements Apple states the post-obit basic Leopard organisation requirements, although, for some specific applications and actions (such equally iChat backdrops) an Intel processor is required: [53] - Processor: any Intel processor, or PowerPC G5 or G4 (867 MHz and faster) processor
- Optical bulldoze: internal or external DVD drive (for installation of the operating system)
- Memory: minimum 512 MB of RAM (additional RAM (i GB) is recommended for development purposes)
- Difficult drive chapters: Minimum ix GB of disk space available.
Leopard's retail version was not released in separate versions for each type of processor, but instead consisted of one universal release that could run on both PowerPC and Intel processors. [31] Withal, the install discs that ship with Intel-based Macs only comprise Intel binaries.[ citation needed ] Processor type and speed are checked during installation and installation halted if insufficient; however, Leopard will run on slower G4 processor machines (eastward.g., a 733mhz Quicksilver) if the installation is performed on a supported Mac and its hard-drive then moved to a slower/unsupported ane (the drive may either be an internal mechanism or a Firewire external).[ citation needed ] Supported machines Leopard can run on the later flat console iMac G4s, the first iMac G5, second iMac G5 (with the ambient low-cal sensor), third iMac G5 (with iSight), iMac Intel Cadre Duo and (nowadays day) iMac Intel Core ii Duo, PowerBook G4, Ability Mac G4, Power Mac G5, iBook G4, MacBook, MacBook Pro, MacBook Air, Mac Pro, Mac Mini, Xserve, Xserve G5, Xserve RAID, Macintosh Server G4, and later eMac models. Leopard can run on older hardware as long as they have a G4 upgrade installed running at the 867 MHz or faster, have at least nine GB free of difficult drive space, 512 MB RAM and have a DVD drive. Leopard however will not run on the 900 MHz iBook G3 models even though they exceed the minimum 867 MHz requirement. This is due to the lack of AltiVec in the G3 line of processors and the fact that most pre-G4 and early G4 systems do not accept video hardware capable of supporting Core Epitome, two technologies Leopard relies upon heavily, among others. Leopard tin exist "hacked" (see below) to install on these G3 and pre-867 MHz G4 machines but the system may behave erratically and many of the programs, features, and functions may not work properly or at all. As of Mid 2010, some Apple computers have firmware factory installed which will no longer allow installation of Mac OS X Leopard. These computers only allow installation and running of Mac OS 10 Snowfall Leopard.[ commendation needed ] However, some computers (such every bit the 2011 model of the Mac mini) tin have Leopard installed on them without hacking. Usage on unsupported hardware Some ways of running Leopard on certain unsupported hardware, primarily PowerPC G4 computers with CPU speeds lower than the official requirement of 867 MHz, have been discovered. A common style is use of the plan LeopardAssist, which is a bootloader similar in some respects to XPostFacto (used for installing earlier releases of Mac OS Ten on unsupported G3 and pre-G3 Macs) that uses the Mac'south Open Firmware to tell Leopard that the machine does have a CPU meeting the 867 MHz minimum requirement that the Installer checks for before installation is allowed to commence, when in reality the CPU is slower. [54] Currently, LeopardAssist only runs on slower G4s and many people have installed Leopard successfully on these older machines. Users who have access to supported hardware have installed Leopard on the supported machine then simply moved the difficult drive to the unsupported machine. Alternatively, the Leopard Installation DVD was booted on a supported Mac, then installed on an unsupported Mac via Firewire Target Deejay Way. Leopard is only compiled for AltiVec-enabled PowerPC processors (G4 and G5) though, likewise as Intel, so both of these methods will only piece of work on Macs with G4 or later CPUs. While some of the earlier beta releases were made to run on some after G3 machines (mostly later 800–900 MHz iBooks), no success with the retail version has been officially reported on G3 Macs except for some later on iMacs and "Pismo" PowerBook G3s with G4 processor upgrades installed. For a number of months after Leopard'due south release it appeared that the just G3 Macs on which Leopard could be run were those with both an aftermarket G4 processor and an AGP graphics card, as failures with the OS partially booting earlier crashing were reported on older Macs such as the original tray-loading iMacs and the Biscuit and Bluish & White Power Mac G3 (all with G4 upgrades as Leopard volition not fifty-fifty brainstorm to load without one) whereas it would boot fine on newer Macs where the Installer restriction had been circumvented. However, more than recently it has been reported [55] [56] that with some more work and apply of kernel extensions from XPostFacto, Tiger and beta builds of Leopard, the Os can be fabricated to run on G4-upgraded Macs as old equally the Ability Macintosh 9500, despite the lack of AGP-based graphics. While Leopard tin can exist run on any Mac with a G4 or later processor, some functionality such as Front end Row or Time Machine fails to piece of work without a Quartz Extreme-capable graphics carte du jour, which many of the earlier G4s did non include in their factory specification. Since Apple moved to using Intel processors in their computers, the OSx86 customs has adult and now also allows Mac Os X Tiger and later releases to exist installed and run successfully on not-Apple x86-based computers, albeit in violation of Apple tree'south licensing agreement for Mac OS X. Packaging The retail packaging for Leopard is significantly smaller than that of previous versions of Mac Bone X (although later on copies of Tiger likewise came in the new smaller box). Information technology also sports a lenticular embrace, making the 10 announced to float above a purple galaxy, somewhat resembling the default Leopard desktop wallpaper. [57] Release history | Version | Build | Date | Bone name | Notes | Download | | 10.5 | 9A581 | October 26, 2007 | Darwin nine.0 | Original retail DVD release | North/A | | x.five.1 | 9B18 | November 15, 2007 | Darwin 9.1 | Nigh the Mac OS X 10.5.1 Update; Second retail DVD release | Mac OS Ten ten.5.1 Update | | 10.5.2 | 9C31, 9C7010 | Feb eleven, 2008 | Darwin ix.2 | About the Mac OS X 10.v.2 Update | Mac Os 10 10.5.2 Philharmonic Update | | ten.5.three | 9D34 | May 28, 2008 | Darwin 9.3 | Virtually the Mac OS 10 10.5.3 Update | Mac OS Ten x.5.3 Update | | ten.5.iv | 9E17 | June 30, 2008 | Darwin ix.4 | About the Mac OS Ten ten.v.4 update; Third retail DVD release | Mac OS Ten 10.v.4 Update | | ten.5.5 | 9F33 | September 15, 2008 | Darwin 9.5 | About the Mac Bone X 10.5.five Update | Mac Bone X 10.five.v Update | | ten.5.6 | 9G55 | Dec 15, 2008 | Darwin 9.six | About the Mac Bone X 10.five.half dozen Update | Mac Os X ten.5.6 Update | | 9G66 | Jan 6, 2009 | Quaternary retail DVD release (part of Mac Box Set) | N/A | | 10.5.7 | 9J61 | May 12, 2009 | Darwin 9.7 | About the Mac Os X 10.five.7 Update | Mac Bone X 10.5.7 Update | | 10.5.8 | 9L30 | August 5, 2009 | Darwin 9.viii | About the Mac OS X 10.v.eight Update | Mac OS X 10.v.viii Update
Mac Os X 10.v.viii Update Combo | Compatibility After Leopard'southward release, there were widely-reported incidents of new Leopard installs hanging during boot on the blue screen that appears only earlier the login process starts. [58] Apple attributed these issues to an outdated version of an unsupported improver extension chosen Application Enhancer (APE), from Unsanity which had been incompatible with Leopard. Some users were unaware that APE had been silently installed during installation of Logitech mouse drivers. However, only the users who did not have the latest version of APE installed (ii.0.iii at that time) were afflicted. [59] Apple published a knowledge base of operations commodity on how to solve this problem. [threescore] Google announced that the Chrome browser volition be dropping support for Leopard starting on Chrome 21. By that time Chrome volition no longer machine-update, and new Chrome installations are unallowed. Their rationale for removal of support is that Leopard is an "OS X version besides no longer existence updated by Apple." [61] Firefox besides dropped support for Leopard after it shipped Firefox 16 in Oct, 2012. [62] References - ^ "Mac OS Ten Leopard — Features - 300+ New Features". Apple Inc.. 16 Oct 2007. http://www.apple.com/macosx/features/300.html . Retrieved 2007-10-16.
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